Skip to Main Content

APA 7th Edition Summary of Changes

Reference Examples

  • Online resources
    Include URL at the end of the reference; do NOT include "Retrieved from".  

World Health Organization. (2018, May 24). The top 10 causes of death. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death

Nguyen, T. T., Gildengorin, G., Truong, A., & Mcphee, S. J. (2007). Factors influencing physicians' screening behavior for liver cancer among high-risk patients. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 22(4), 523-6. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11606-007-0128-1

Reich, D. B., Zanarini, M. C., & Fitzmaurice, G. (2012). Affective lability in bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 53(3), 230-7.

  • Government agency as the author
    When numerous layers of government agencies are listed as the author of a work, use the most specific agency as the author in the reference (e.g., use National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute rather than U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute). The names of parent agencies not present in the group author name appear after the title as the publisher.

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (2016, December). Cardiac rehabilitation. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, National Institutes of Health. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/cardiac-rehabilitation 

  • Books
    Do NOT include the publisher's location.

Bonilla-Silva, E. (2017).  Racism without the racists: Color-blind racism and the persistence of racial inequality in America. Rowman & Littlefield.

  • E-books
    If the book does not have a DOI and comes from a library database, end the book reference after the publisher's name. The citation will look exactly like a print books. When it doesn’t come from a library database, it does need the URL.

Goodwin, G., & Sachs, G. (2010). Fast facts: Bipolar disorder. Health Press.  

Bozeman Science. (2014, March 10). Integumentary system [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/z5VnOS9Ke3g

NOTE:

  • Hyperlinks do not have to be in black any more. They can be blue and underlined OR black and not underlined.
  • For more examples: go to the APA Style Reference Examples page.